#Requires -Version 5.1
<#
    JbTecWiz Support Centre -- generated fix script

    Fault : An account locks out repeatedly and nobody knows why
    Fix   : Trace the lockout to its source
    Source: https://jbtecwiz.com/support/srv-account-lockout

    Run as     : Elevated PowerShell on the PDC emulator
    Expect     : 45 minutes
    Risk       : low
    Reversible : yes

    WHEN THIS IS THE RIGHT FIX
    Any repeated lockout. Every lockout is recorded centrally, so this is a
    lookup rather than a hunt.

    HOW TO UNDO IT
    None -- this removes stale credentials that should not be there.

    This script walks the fix one step at a time and asks before each
    one. Steps with no command are things you do yourself -- it prints
    those and waits. Run with -DryRun to print without executing.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    NO WARRANTY - USE AT YOUR OWN RISK

    This script is provided by JbTecWiz as-is and with no warranty of any
    kind, express or implied. You run it entirely at your own risk.

    JbTecWiz accepts no liability for any loss or damage arising from its
    use, including but not limited to data loss, downtime, or configuration
    changes that turn out to be wrong for your system.

    You are responsible for reading this script before running it, for
    satisfying yourself that it suits the machine in front of you, and for
    having a working backup first. Some steps cannot be undone.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    # Print every step and command without running anything.
    [switch]$DryRun,
    # Do not ask before each step. Read the script first if you use this.
    [switch]$Unattended
)

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$script:Failed = 0

function Write-Rule { param([string]$Text)
    Write-Host ''
    Write-Host ('-' * 70) -ForegroundColor DarkGray
    if ($Text) { Write-Host $Text -ForegroundColor Cyan }
}

function Show-Prose { param([string]$Text, [string]$Colour = "Gray")
    if (-not $Text) { return }
    $words = $Text -split "\s+"; $line = "  "
    foreach ($w in $words) {
        if (($line.Length + $w.Length) -gt 74) { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor $Colour; $line = "  " }
        $line += "$w "
    }
    if ($line.Trim()) { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor $Colour }
}

function Invoke-Step {
    param(
        [int]$Number, [string]$Do, [string]$Why,
        [scriptblock]$Command, [switch]$Manual, [string]$Shell = "powershell"
    )
    Write-Rule "  Step $Number of 6"
    Show-Prose $Do "White"
    if ($Why) { Write-Host ""; Show-Prose $Why "DarkGray" }

    if ($Manual) {
        Write-Host ''
        Write-Host '  -> Do this yourself, then press Enter to carry on.' -ForegroundColor Yellow
        if (-not $Unattended -and -not $DryRun) { [void](Read-Host) }
        return
    }

    Write-Host ''
    foreach ($l in ($Command.ToString().Trim() -split "`n")) {
        Write-Host ("    " + $l.Trim()) -ForegroundColor Green
    }
    Write-Host ''

    if ($DryRun) { Write-Host "  (dry run -- not executed)" -ForegroundColor DarkGray; return }
    if (-not $Unattended) {
        $a = Read-Host "  Run this step? [Y]es / [S]kip / [Q]uit"
        if ($a -match "^[Qq]") { Write-Host "  Stopped at your request."; exit 0 }
        if ($a -match "^[Ss]") { Write-Host "  Skipped." -ForegroundColor DarkGray; return }
    }
    try { & $Command }
    catch {
        $script:Failed++
        Write-Host ("  Step $Number failed: " + $_.Exception.Message) -ForegroundColor Red
        Show-Prose "The rest of the fix may depend on this. Read the write-up before carrying on." "Red"
        if (-not $Unattended) {
            $c = Read-Host "  Carry on anyway? [y/N]"
            if ($c -notmatch "^[Yy]") { exit 1 }
        }
    }
}

Write-Rule
Write-Host '  An account locks out repeatedly and nobody knows why' -ForegroundColor White
Write-Host '  Trace the lockout to its source' -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host ''
Write-Host '  Risk: low   Reversible   45 minutes'
Write-Host ''
Show-Prose 'No warranty. Use at your own risk - JbTecWiz accepts no liability. Read it before you run it, and have a backup.' 'DarkYellow'
Write-Rule

if (-not $Unattended -and -not $DryRun) {
    $go = Read-Host '  Ready? [y/N]'
    if ($go -notmatch "^[Yy]") { Write-Host "  Nothing was changed."; exit 0 }
}

Invoke-Step -Number 1 -Do 'Every lockout is written to the PDC emulator. Read the events and the caller machine name.' -Why 'The Caller field is the machine that sent the bad password. It is the single most useful piece of information in the whole investigation and it is right there in the event.' -Command {
    $pdc = (Get-ADDomain).PDCEmulator
    Get-WinEvent -ComputerName $pdc -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Security'; Id=4740} -MaxEvents 20 | ForEach-Object { $x=[xml]$_.ToXml(); [PSCustomObject]@{ Time=$_.TimeCreated; User=$x.Event.EventData.Data[0].'#text'; Caller=$x.Event.EventData.Data[1].'#text' } } | Format-Table -AutoSize
}

Invoke-Step -Number 2 -Do 'If the caller is blank or a domain controller, the request came in over Kerberos -- check 4771 for the client address.' -Command {
    Get-WinEvent -ComputerName $pdc -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Security'; Id=4771} -MaxEvents 30 | ForEach-Object { $x=[xml]$_.ToXml(); [PSCustomObject]@{ Time=$_.TimeCreated; User=$x.Event.EventData.Data[0].'#text'; Address=$x.Event.EventData.Data[6].'#text' } } | Format-Table -AutoSize
}

Invoke-Step -Number 3 -Do 'Check the lockout status across all DCs to confirm where it originates.' -Command {
    Search-ADAccount -LockedOut | Format-Table Name, SamAccountName, LastLogonDate -AutoSize
    Get-ADUser jbloggs -Properties LockedOut, BadLogonCount, LastBadPasswordAttempt | Format-List
}

Invoke-Step -Number 4 -Do 'On the caller machine, clear the stored credentials.' -Command {
    cmd.exe /c 'cmdkey /list & cmdkey /delete:example.local'
}

Invoke-Step -Number 5 -Do 'Check scheduled tasks and services running as that account.' -Command {
    Get-ScheduledTask | Where-Object { $_.Principal.UserId -like '*jbloggs*' } | Format-Table TaskName, TaskPath -AutoSize
    Get-CimInstance Win32_Service | Where-Object StartName -like '*jbloggs*' | Format-Table Name, StartName -AutoSize
}

Invoke-Step -Number 6 -Do 'Log off any disconnected RDP sessions on servers -- they hold the old token indefinitely.' -Command {
    cmd.exe /c 'quser /server:APPSRV01 & logoff 3 /server:APPSRV01'
}

Write-Rule "  Confirm it worked"
Show-Prose 'The account stays unlocked through a full working day.' 'White'
Write-Host ''
if (-not $DryRun) {
    Get-ADUser jbloggs -Properties LockedOut, BadLogonCount | Format-List Name, LockedOut, BadLogonCount
}

Write-Rule
if ($script:Failed -gt 0) {
    Write-Host ("  Finished with " + $script:Failed + " failed step(s).") -ForegroundColor Yellow
    Show-Prose 'Read the full write-up at https://jbtecwiz.com/support/srv-account-lockout' 'Yellow'
} else {
    Write-Host '  Finished.' -ForegroundColor Green
}
Write-Host ''
Show-Prose 'To undo: None -- this removes stale credentials that should not be there.' 'DarkGray'
Write-Rule