#Requires -Version 5.1
<#
    JbTecWiz Support Centre -- generated fix script

    Fault : "You need to format the disk before you can use it"
    Fix   : Image it first, then attempt repair on the copy
    Source: https://jbtecwiz.com/support/win-hw-usb-format

    Run as     : Elevated PowerShell, plus a drive with space
    Expect     : 1-3 hours
    Risk       : low
    Reversible : yes

    WHEN THIS IS THE RIGHT FIX
    The data matters. Do not click Format, and do not run chkdsk on the
    original -- both can turn a recoverable volume into an unrecoverable
    one.

    HOW TO UNDO IT
    The original device is untouched throughout, which is the point of the
    whole procedure.

    This script walks the fix one step at a time and asks before each
    one. Steps with no command are things you do yourself -- it prints
    those and waits. Run with -DryRun to print without executing.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    NO WARRANTY - USE AT YOUR OWN RISK

    This script is provided by JbTecWiz as-is and with no warranty of any
    kind, express or implied. You run it entirely at your own risk.

    JbTecWiz accepts no liability for any loss or damage arising from its
    use, including but not limited to data loss, downtime, or configuration
    changes that turn out to be wrong for your system.

    You are responsible for reading this script before running it, for
    satisfying yourself that it suits the machine in front of you, and for
    having a working backup first. Some steps cannot be undone.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    # Print every step and command without running anything.
    [switch]$DryRun,
    # Do not ask before each step. Read the script first if you use this.
    [switch]$Unattended
)

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$script:Failed = 0

function Write-Rule { param([string]$Text)
    Write-Host ''
    Write-Host ('-' * 70) -ForegroundColor DarkGray
    if ($Text) { Write-Host $Text -ForegroundColor Cyan }
}

function Show-Prose { param([string]$Text, [string]$Colour = "Gray")
    if (-not $Text) { return }
    $words = $Text -split "\s+"; $line = "  "
    foreach ($w in $words) {
        if (($line.Length + $w.Length) -gt 74) { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor $Colour; $line = "  " }
        $line += "$w "
    }
    if ($line.Trim()) { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor $Colour }
}

function Invoke-Step {
    param(
        [int]$Number, [string]$Do, [string]$Why,
        [scriptblock]$Command, [switch]$Manual, [string]$Shell = "powershell"
    )
    Write-Rule "  Step $Number of 5"
    Show-Prose $Do "White"
    if ($Why) { Write-Host ""; Show-Prose $Why "DarkGray" }

    if ($Manual) {
        Write-Host ''
        Write-Host '  -> Do this yourself, then press Enter to carry on.' -ForegroundColor Yellow
        if (-not $Unattended -and -not $DryRun) { [void](Read-Host) }
        return
    }

    Write-Host ''
    foreach ($l in ($Command.ToString().Trim() -split "`n")) {
        Write-Host ("    " + $l.Trim()) -ForegroundColor Green
    }
    Write-Host ''

    if ($DryRun) { Write-Host "  (dry run -- not executed)" -ForegroundColor DarkGray; return }
    if (-not $Unattended) {
        $a = Read-Host "  Run this step? [Y]es / [S]kip / [Q]uit"
        if ($a -match "^[Qq]") { Write-Host "  Stopped at your request."; exit 0 }
        if ($a -match "^[Ss]") { Write-Host "  Skipped." -ForegroundColor DarkGray; return }
    }
    try { & $Command }
    catch {
        $script:Failed++
        Write-Host ("  Step $Number failed: " + $_.Exception.Message) -ForegroundColor Red
        Show-Prose "The rest of the fix may depend on this. Read the write-up before carrying on." "Red"
        if (-not $Unattended) {
            $c = Read-Host "  Carry on anyway? [y/N]"
            if ($c -notmatch "^[Yy]") { exit 1 }
        }
    }
}

Write-Rule
Write-Host '  "You need to format the disk before you can use it"' -ForegroundColor White
Write-Host '  Image it first, then attempt repair on the copy' -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host ''
Write-Host '  Risk: low   Reversible   1-3 hours'
Write-Host ''
Show-Prose 'No warranty. Use at your own risk - JbTecWiz accepts no liability. Read it before you run it, and have a backup.' 'DarkYellow'
Write-Rule

if (-not $Unattended -and -not $DryRun) {
    $go = Read-Host '  Ready? [y/N]'
    if ($go -notmatch "^[Yy]") { Write-Host "  Nothing was changed."; exit 0 }
}

Invoke-Step -Number 1 -Do 'Stop using the device now. Every further write reduces what can be recovered.' -Manual

Invoke-Step -Number 2 -Do 'Identify the disk number without mounting or writing to it.' -Command {
    Get-Disk | Format-Table Number,FriendlyName,OperationalStatus,PartitionStyle,Size
    Get-Partition | Format-Table DiskNumber,PartitionNumber,DriveLetter,Size,Type
}

Invoke-Step -Number 3 -Do 'Take a full sector-by-sector image to a file on a healthy drive, using a recovery tool that reads past errors -- ddrescue on a Linux live USB, or a Windows imaging tool with a bad-sector retry option.' -Why 'Every repair attempt from here on runs against the image. If a repair makes things worse -- which it can -- the original is untouched and you get another go. Skipping this step is how recoverable data gets lost.' -Manual

Invoke-Step -Number 4 -Do 'Run file-carving recovery against the image with a tool such as PhotoRec or R-Studio, writing recovered files to a third location.' -Manual

Invoke-Step -Number 5 -Do 'Only once the data is safely recovered and verified, format the original device.' -Manual

Write-Rule "  Confirm it worked"
Show-Prose 'The recovered files open correctly from their new location -- check several, not one.' 'White'

Write-Rule
if ($script:Failed -gt 0) {
    Write-Host ("  Finished with " + $script:Failed + " failed step(s).") -ForegroundColor Yellow
    Show-Prose 'Read the full write-up at https://jbtecwiz.com/support/win-hw-usb-format' 'Yellow'
} else {
    Write-Host '  Finished.' -ForegroundColor Green
}
Write-Host ''
Show-Prose 'To undo: The original device is untouched throughout, which is the point of the whole procedure.' 'DarkGray'
Write-Rule