#Requires -Version 5.1
<#
    JbTecWiz Support Centre -- generated fix script

    Fault : System Restore has no restore points, or restore fails
    Fix   : Repair the shadow copy service
    Source: https://jbtecwiz.com/support/win-rec-restore-missing

    Run as     : Elevated PowerShell
    Expect     : 40 minutes
    Risk       : medium
    Reversible : yes

    WHEN THIS IS THE RIGHT FIX
    Points exist but a restore fails, usually with 0x80070091.

    HOW TO UNDO IT
    Always clear the safeboot flag as shown, or the machine will only boot
    into Safe Mode.

    This script walks the fix one step at a time and asks before each
    one. Steps with no command are things you do yourself -- it prints
    those and waits. Run with -DryRun to print without executing.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    NO WARRANTY - USE AT YOUR OWN RISK

    This script is provided by JbTecWiz as-is and with no warranty of any
    kind, express or implied. You run it entirely at your own risk.

    JbTecWiz accepts no liability for any loss or damage arising from its
    use, including but not limited to data loss, downtime, or configuration
    changes that turn out to be wrong for your system.

    You are responsible for reading this script before running it, for
    satisfying yourself that it suits the machine in front of you, and for
    having a working backup first. Some steps cannot be undone.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    # Print every step and command without running anything.
    [switch]$DryRun,
    # Do not ask before each step. Read the script first if you use this.
    [switch]$Unattended
)

$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$script:Failed = 0

function Write-Rule { param([string]$Text)
    Write-Host ''
    Write-Host ('-' * 70) -ForegroundColor DarkGray
    if ($Text) { Write-Host $Text -ForegroundColor Cyan }
}

function Show-Prose { param([string]$Text, [string]$Colour = "Gray")
    if (-not $Text) { return }
    $words = $Text -split "\s+"; $line = "  "
    foreach ($w in $words) {
        if (($line.Length + $w.Length) -gt 74) { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor $Colour; $line = "  " }
        $line += "$w "
    }
    if ($line.Trim()) { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor $Colour }
}

function Invoke-Step {
    param(
        [int]$Number, [string]$Do, [string]$Why,
        [scriptblock]$Command, [switch]$Manual, [string]$Shell = "powershell"
    )
    Write-Rule "  Step $Number of 5"
    Show-Prose $Do "White"
    if ($Why) { Write-Host ""; Show-Prose $Why "DarkGray" }

    if ($Manual) {
        Write-Host ''
        Write-Host '  -> Do this yourself, then press Enter to carry on.' -ForegroundColor Yellow
        if (-not $Unattended -and -not $DryRun) { [void](Read-Host) }
        return
    }

    Write-Host ''
    foreach ($l in ($Command.ToString().Trim() -split "`n")) {
        Write-Host ("    " + $l.Trim()) -ForegroundColor Green
    }
    Write-Host ''

    if ($DryRun) { Write-Host "  (dry run -- not executed)" -ForegroundColor DarkGray; return }
    if (-not $Unattended) {
        $a = Read-Host "  Run this step? [Y]es / [S]kip / [Q]uit"
        if ($a -match "^[Qq]") { Write-Host "  Stopped at your request."; exit 0 }
        if ($a -match "^[Ss]") { Write-Host "  Skipped." -ForegroundColor DarkGray; return }
    }
    try { & $Command }
    catch {
        $script:Failed++
        Write-Host ("  Step $Number failed: " + $_.Exception.Message) -ForegroundColor Red
        Show-Prose "The rest of the fix may depend on this. Read the write-up before carrying on." "Red"
        if (-not $Unattended) {
            $c = Read-Host "  Carry on anyway? [y/N]"
            if ($c -notmatch "^[Yy]") { exit 1 }
        }
    }
}

Write-Rule
Write-Host '  System Restore has no restore points, or restore fails' -ForegroundColor White
Write-Host '  Repair the shadow copy service' -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host ''
Write-Host '  Risk: medium   Reversible   40 minutes'
Write-Host ''
Show-Prose 'No warranty. Use at your own risk - JbTecWiz accepts no liability. Read it before you run it, and have a backup.' 'DarkYellow'
Write-Rule

if (-not $Unattended -and -not $DryRun) {
    $go = Read-Host '  Ready? [y/N]'
    if ($go -notmatch "^[Yy]") { Write-Host "  Nothing was changed."; exit 0 }
}

Invoke-Step -Number 1 -Do 'Check the writers. Anything not Stable is the fault.' -Command {
    cmd.exe /c 'vssadmin list writers'
}

Invoke-Step -Number 2 -Do 'Restart the services that own the failed writers rather than rebooting blindly.' -Command {
    Restart-Service VSS,SWPRV -Force
}

Invoke-Step -Number 3 -Do '0x80070091 during a restore means "the directory is not empty" and is nearly always the WindowsApps folder. Run the restore from Safe Mode, where the Store apps are not running.' -Why 'This specific code has one specific cause and one reliable answer. Attempting it repeatedly from a normal boot will keep failing at the same folder.' -Manual

Invoke-Step -Number 4 -Do 'Boot to Safe Mode and run the restore from there.' -Command {
    cmd.exe /c 'bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal & shutdown /r /t 0'
}

Invoke-Step -Number 5 -Do 'Remove the safe boot flag afterwards -- this is important, or the machine stays in Safe Mode.' -Command {
    cmd.exe /c 'bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot & shutdown /r /t 0'
}

Write-Rule "  Confirm it worked"
Show-Prose 'The restore completes and vssadmin list writers shows every writer Stable with no error.' 'White'
Write-Host ''
if (-not $DryRun) {
    cmd.exe /c 'vssadmin list writers | findstr /i "Writer name State Last error"'
}

Write-Rule
if ($script:Failed -gt 0) {
    Write-Host ("  Finished with " + $script:Failed + " failed step(s).") -ForegroundColor Yellow
    Show-Prose 'Read the full write-up at https://jbtecwiz.com/support/win-rec-restore-missing' 'Yellow'
} else {
    Write-Host '  Finished.' -ForegroundColor Green
}
Write-Host ''
Show-Prose 'To undo: Always clear the safeboot flag as shown, or the machine will only boot into Safe Mode.' 'DarkGray'
Write-Rule